History of the https://driverzebravn.com/ma-vach-la-barcodes-2/
https://driverzebravn.com/may-in-ma-vach-tsc/concept was developed by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver. In 1948, when they were students at Drexel University, they developed the idea after learning that the desire of a president of a food company to do a self-check Look at the whole process. One of their first ideas was to use Morse code to print large vertical lines. They then switched to the barcode "dots" with concentric circles. They submitted to the US Patent Office 2,612,994 dated 20 October 1949 a Classification Apparatus and Method for the patent. The patent was issued on October 7, 1952.

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The first barcode reader was designed and built by Woodland (then working for IBM) and Silver in 1952. It consisted of a 500 W incandescent light and a photon vacuum tube manufactured by RCA for movies with sound (it is for optical printing on film). This device has not been applied in practice: for the current measured by oscilloscopes, the 500 watt light almost burns the paper with its first barcode. It was not produced massively. In 1962 they sold the invention to Philips, then Philips sold it to RCA. The invention of the laser in 1960 made the bar code reader cheaper, and the development of the semiconductor circuit made the decoding of the signals obtained from the bar code meaningful. . Sadly, Silver died in 1963 at the age of 38 before any practical experience gained from this invention.

In 1972, the Kroger store in Cincinnati tested the use of a black-bar code reader, with the help of RCA. Unfortunately, the black dots were very blurry when printed, and the test did not produce any significant success. At the same time, Woodland at IBM developed the linear bar code that was adopted on April 3, 1973 as the Universal Product Code (UPC). On June 26, 1974, the first retail product (Wrigley's 10-pound Juicy Fruit gum) was sold using a barcode reader at Marsh in Troy, Ohio. (This gum pack is now in the Smithsonian's National Museum of the United States.)

In 1992, Woodland was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President George W. Bush.

In 2004, Nanosys Inc. Produces nanobarcodes - nanowires (10-9 m) containing different parts of Si and GexSi1-x.

Application
Barcodes (and other machine readable tags such as RFID) are used in places where objects need to be numbered with relevant information that the computer can process. Instead of typing a sequence of data into the input of a computer, the operator only needs to scan the bar code for the bar code reader. They also work well under full automation conditions, such as in baggage handling at airports.

The data contained in the bar code varies according to the application. In the simplest case, a sequence of identifiers is used as an index in the database in which all other information is stored. EAN-13 and UPC codes found commonly found on retail stores work in this manner.

In other cases, the bar code contains all the information about the product, without the need for an external database. This led to the development of symbolic symbologies that were capable of performing more than just decimals, possibly adding more capital letters to the entire alphabet of characters ASCII and more. The storage of more information has led to the development of code matrices (a type of 2D bar code), which does not contain lines but a grid of cells. Barcodes are intermediate between actual 2D barcodes and linear barcodes, and they are created by placing traditional linear bar codes on paper or printable materials that allow for more line.